{"id":3299,"date":"2026-10-12T17:55:11","date_gmt":"2026-10-12T17:55:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/incofis.com\/?p=3299"},"modified":"2026-10-12T17:56:21","modified_gmt":"2026-10-12T17:56:21","slug":"types-of-dismissal-in-spain-a-quick-guide-for-companies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/incofis.com\/en\/news-en\/types-of-dismissal-in-spain-a-quick-guide-for-companies\/","title":{"rendered":"Types of dismissal in Spain: a quick guide for companies"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Dismissal is one of the most sensitive decisions in running a company. Here is a summary of the <strong>three types of dismissal<\/strong> under Spain\u2019s Workers\u2019 Statute, what can happen afterwards and how it must be done step by step. This is a general guide: each case must be analysed individually.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Download the full guide in PDF (in Spanish):<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/incofis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Guia-tipos-de-despido-INCOFIS.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">click here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3>The three types of dismissal<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Objective:<\/strong> for economic, technical, organisational or production reasons linked to the company or the job. It requires a reasoned letter and <strong>15 days\u2019 notice<\/strong>, and severance is <strong>20 days per year of service, up to 12 months\u2019 pay<\/strong>, made available to the employee with the letter.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Collective:<\/strong> the same reasons, but affecting several employees within 90 days (10, 10% or 30, depending on workforce size). It requires a prior consultation period (up to 30 days, or 15 in companies with fewer than 50 employees) and notification to the labour authority. Minimum severance: 20 days per year, up to 12 months\u2019 pay.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Disciplinary:<\/strong> for serious misconduct by the employee (absenteeism or lateness, offensive behaviour, poor performance\u2026). No notice or severance is required unless it is declared unfair or null, but a <strong>mandatory prior hearing<\/strong> must be offered to the employee before notification (Supreme Court ruling 1250\/2024).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>After the dismissal: fair, unfair or null<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Fair:<\/strong> the reasons are proven and the dismissal stands.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Unfair:<\/strong> the reasons are not proven, or there are formal defects. The company chooses between reinstatement or severance of <strong>33 days per year, up to 24 months\u2019 pay<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Null:<\/strong> it violates a fundamental right. It requires <strong>reinstatement<\/strong> and payment of back pay. Dismissals linked to pregnancy, birth or childcare leave, or reduced working hours for work-life balance are null unless there is an entirely unrelated cause.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The employee has <strong>20 working days<\/strong> to file a claim with the conciliation service (in Madrid, the SMAC). If no agreement is reached, the next step is the Social Court.<\/p>\n<h3>Final settlement vs. severance<\/h3>\n<p>The <strong>final settlement<\/strong> is always paid: it covers the current month\u2019s salary, untaken holidays and other pending items. <strong>Severance<\/strong> is only paid in objective or collective dismissals, or if the dismissal is declared unfair or null; never in a fair disciplinary dismissal.<\/p>\n<h3>Step-by-step procedure<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Written notice.<\/strong> If it may be contentious, it is advisable to deliver it before two neutral witnesses in case the employee refuses to sign.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Employee\u2019s signature.<\/strong> Signing only confirms receipt, not agreement; the employee may sign as \u201cnot in agreement\u201d.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Claim.<\/strong> The employee has 20 working days to ask for the dismissal to be declared unfair.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Conciliation.<\/strong> A key step: for unfair dismissal severance to be exempt from personal income tax, unfairness must be recognised at the conciliation hearing or by a court ruling.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Company\u2019s decision.<\/strong> Recognise unfairness and pay 33 days per year (minus any amount already paid) or defend the dismissal in court.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Important:<\/strong> a disciplinary dismissal letter without specific reasons, or without a prior hearing, may lead to unfairness on formal grounds. Dismissal also gives the employee legal unemployment status, unlike voluntary resignation.<\/p>\n<p>Before making any decision, <a href=\"\/en\/contacto\/\">contact us<\/a> and we will analyse your case.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Objective, collective and disciplinary dismissal in Spain: severance, notice, what happens if it is declared unfair or null, and the step-by-step procedure. Download our guide.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3295,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3299","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news-en"],"featured_image_src":{"landsacpe":["https:\/\/incofis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/tipos-de-despido-foto-1140x445.jpg",1140,445,true],"list":["https:\/\/incofis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/tipos-de-despido-foto-463x348.jpg",463,348,true],"medium":["https:\/\/incofis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/tipos-de-despido-foto-300x167.jpg",300,167,true],"full":["https:\/\/incofis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/tipos-de-despido-foto.jpg",1376,768,false]},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Types of dismissal in Spain: a quick guide for companies - Incofis.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/incofis.com\/en\/news-en\/types-of-dismissal-in-spain-a-quick-guide-for-companies\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Types of dismissal in Spain: a quick guide for companies - Incofis.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Objective, collective and disciplinary dismissal in Spain: severance, notice, what happens if it is declared unfair or null, and the step-by-step procedure. 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